Frodo4/Docs/sam.html

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>SAM</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>

<H1>SAM</H1>

<CITE>
"Frodo! Mr.Frodo, my dear!" cried Sam,<BR>
tears almost blinding him. "It's Sam, I've come!"
</CITE>

<HR>

Frodo has a built-in machine language monitor that can be activated at any
time by pressing F9 (Unix, not available in full-screen mode) or selecting
the appropriate menu item (BeOS/AmigaOS/MacOS): SAM (Simple Assembler and
Monitor). It provides full access to the memory and hardware of the emulated
C64 and 1541 (under BeOS, you should only start SAM if you launched Frodo
from the Shell).<P>

SAM is controlled by a command-based interface, all numbers are in hex.
With the command "h" you can display a list of all commands. The command
"x" quits SAM and returns to Frodo.<P>

SAM has two modes of operation, indicated by the prompt "C64>" or "1541>".
You can switch between them with the "64" and "1541" commands. In "C64"
mode, all commands that access memory or the CPU operate on the memory/CPU
of the emulated C64. In "1541" mode, they operate on the emulated 1541
(this is only useful if the processor-level 1541 emulation is turned
on).<P>

All commands that access the C64 memory use the memory configuration set
with the "k" command. On starting up SAM, the configuration is set to the
one the processor is in. Accesses from within SAM have the same effect as
accesses of the emulated processor. This affects especially the I/O
registers: a memory dump of $dc00-$de00 clears pending CIA interrupts as
SAM reads from $dc0d and $dd0d. With the "v" commands, you can examine the
state of the I/O chips without modifying the state of the emulation.<P>

In all places where SAM expects a number (except in the assembler) you can
also enter an expression of hex numbers containing '+', '-', '*', '/' and
parens. Commands that create a longer output can be interrupted with
Ctrl-C.<P>

Here is a description of all commands ('[]' marks a parameter than can be
left out, '{}' marks a parameter that can be repeated many times. If a
[start] parameter is left out, SAM continues at the address where the last
command stopped):<P>


<PRE>
 a [start]           Assemble
</PRE><P>

starts the assembler at the address "start". SAM always prints the address
where the next instruction will be written to. The syntax of the
instructions conforms to the standard except for shift/rotation
instructions in the "accumulator" addressing mode. Those have to be entered
without operand, e.g. "lsr" instead of "lsr a". Entering a blank line quits
the assembler and returns to the command mode of SAM.<P>


<PRE>
 b [start] [end]     Binary dump
</PRE><P>

displays the memory from "start" to "end" byte-wise binary. With this
command, you can view character sets.<P>


<PRE>
 c start end dest    Compare memory
</PRE><P>

compares the memory in the range from "start" to (and including) "end"
with the memory at "dest". The addresses of all different bytes and the
total number of differences (decimal) are printed.<P>


<PRE>
 d [start] [end]     Disassemble
</PRE><P>

disassembles the memory from "start" to "end". Undocumented opcodes are
markes with a star '*'.<P>


<PRE>
 e                   Show interrupt vectors
</PRE><P>

shows the currently active interrupt vectors of the 6510 (C64) or 6502
(1541) and (in C64 mode, if the Kernal ROM is mapped in) of the Kernal.<P>


<PRE>
 f start end byte    Fill memory
</PRE><P>

fills the memory in the range from "start" to (and including) "end" with
the value "byte".<P>


<PRE>
 i [start] [end]     ASCII/PETSCII dump
</PRE><P>

shows the memory from "start" to "end" as ASCII/PETSCII characters.<P>


<PRE>
 k [config]          Show/set C64 memory configuration
</PRE><P>

"k" without parameters shows the memory configuration that is set for SAM,
"k" with parameter modifies it. On exiting SAM, the configuration set with
the processor port is reactivated. The memory configuration has no effect
in 1541 mode. The 8 possible configurations are:

<PRE>
  #  $a000-$bfff  $d000-$dfff  $e000-$ffff
  ----------------------------------------
  0      RAM          RAM          RAM
  1      RAM       Char ROM        RAM
  2      RAM       Char ROM    Kernal ROM
  3   Basic ROM    Char ROM    Kernal ROM
  4      RAM          RAM          RAM
  5      RAM          I/O          RAM
  6      RAM          I/O      Kernal ROM
  7   Basic ROM       I/O      Kernal ROM

</PRE>


<PRE>
 l start "file"      Load data
</PRE><P>

loads the contents of the specified file into memory starting from address
"start". The file name must be enclosed in quotation marks even if it
contains no spaces. This command cannot be used to load C64 programs as
it doesn't respect the embedded load address in the programs.<P>


<PRE>
 m [start] [end]     Memory dump
</PRE><P>

displays the memory from "start" to "end" as hexadecimal numbers and ASCII
characters.<P>


<PRE>
 n [start] [end]     Screen code dump
</PRE><P>

displays the memory from "start" to "end" as ASCII characters, interpreting
each byte as a screen code of the standard character set.<P>


<PRE>
 o ["file"]          Redirect output
</PRE><P>

When a file name is specified, all following output is redirected to this
file. The file name must be enclosed in quotation marks even if it contains
no spaces. Entering "o" without parameters closes the file and directs the
output into the window of SAM again.<P>


<PRE>
 p [start] [end]     Sprite dump
</PRE><P>

displays the memory from "start" to "end" binary with three bytes per line.
With this command, you can display sprite data.<P>


<PRE>
 r [reg value]       Show/set CPU registers
</PRE><P>

"r" without parameters shows all 6510 (C64) or 6502 (1541) registers and
flags and the instruction at the address specified by the program counter.
For the 6510, "DR" and "PR" are the data direction register and data
register of the processor port. To modify a register, give its name ("reg")
and the new value ("value") as parameters.<P>


<PRE>
 s start end "file"  Save data
</PRE><P>

writes the memory from "start" to (and including) "end" to the specified
file. The file name must be enclosed in quotation marks even if it contains
no spaces. This command cannot be used to save C64 programs as it doesn't
save a load address in the file.<P>


<PRE>
 t start end dest    Transfer memory
</PRE><P>

transfers the memory from "start" to (and including) "end" to "dest".
Source and destination may overlap.<P>


<PRE>
 vc1                 View CIA 1 state
</PRE><P>

shows the state of CIA 1 ($dc00).<P>


<PRE>
 vc2                 View CIA 2 state
</PRE><P>

shows the state of CIA 2 ($dd00).<P>


<PRE>
 vf                  View floppy state
</PRE><P>

shows the state of the processor-level 1541 emulation.<P>


<PRE>
 vs                  View SID state
</PRE><P>

shows the state of the SID.<P>


<PRE>
 vv                  View VIC state
</PRE><P>

shows the state of the VIC.<P>


<PRE>
 x                   Return to Frodo
</PRE><P>

quits SAM and returns to Frodo.<P>


<PRE>
 : addr {byte}       Modify memory
</PRE><P>

writes the space-separated values "byte" into memory starting at "addr".<P>


<PRE>
 1541                Switch to 1541 mode
</PRE><P>

switches to 1541 mode. All commands that access memory or the CPU will then
operate on the emulated 1541 (processor-level).<P>


<PRE>
 64                  Switch to C64 mode
</PRE><P>

switches to C64 mode. All commands that access memory or the CPU will then
operate on the emulated C64.<P>


<PRE>
 ? expression        Calculate expression
</PRE><P>

calculates the value of the given expression and displays it in decimal
and hexadecimal.<P>

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</HTML>
Revision:	1.2
Committed:	2010-04-25T11:52:11Z (14 years ago) by cebix
Content type:	text/html
Branch:	MAIN
CVS Tags:	HEAD
Changes since 1.1:	+5 -4 lines
Log Message:	documentation update
#	User	Rev	Content
1	cebix	1.1	<HTML>
2			<HEAD>
3			<TITLE>SAM</TITLE>
4			</HEAD>
5			<BODY>
6
7			<H1>SAM</H1>
8
9			<CITE>
10			"Frodo! Mr.Frodo, my dear!" cried Sam,<BR>
11			tears almost blinding him. "It's Sam, I've come!"
12			</CITE>
13
14			<HR>
15
16			Frodo has a built-in machine language monitor that can be activated at any
17	cebix	1.2	time by pressing F9 (Unix, not available in full-screen mode) or selecting
18			the appropriate menu item (BeOS/AmigaOS/MacOS): SAM (Simple Assembler and
19			Monitor). It provides full access to the memory and hardware of the emulated
20			C64 and 1541 (under BeOS, you should only start SAM if you launched Frodo
21			from the Shell).<P>
22	cebix	1.1
23			SAM is controlled by a command-based interface, all numbers are in hex.
24			With the command "h" you can display a list of all commands. The command
25			"x" quits SAM and returns to Frodo.<P>
26
27			SAM has two modes of operation, indicated by the prompt "C64>" or "1541>".
28			You can switch between them with the "64" and "1541" commands. In "C64"
29			mode, all commands that access memory or the CPU operate on the memory/CPU
30			of the emulated C64. In "1541" mode, they operate on the emulated 1541
31			(this is only useful if the processor-level 1541 emulation is turned
32			on).<P>
33
34			All commands that access the C64 memory use the memory configuration set
35			with the "k" command. On starting up SAM, the configuration is set to the
36			one the processor is in. Accesses from within SAM have the same effect as
37			accesses of the emulated processor. This affects especially the I/O
38			registers: a memory dump of $dc00-$de00 clears pending CIA interrupts as
39			SAM reads from $dc0d and $dd0d. With the "v" commands, you can examine the
40			state of the I/O chips without modifying the state of the emulation.<P>
41
42			In all places where SAM expects a number (except in the assembler) you can
43			also enter an expression of hex numbers containing '+', '-', '*', '/' and
44			parens. Commands that create a longer output can be interrupted with
45			Ctrl-C.<P>
46
47			Here is a description of all commands ('[]' marks a parameter than can be
48			left out, '{}' marks a parameter that can be repeated many times. If a
49			[start] parameter is left out, SAM continues at the address where the last
50			command stopped):<P>
51
52
53			<PRE>
54			a [start] Assemble
55			</PRE><P>
56
57			starts the assembler at the address "start". SAM always prints the address
58			where the next instruction will be written to. The syntax of the
59			instructions conforms to the standard except for shift/rotation
60			instructions in the "accumulator" addressing mode. Those have to be entered
61			without operand, e.g. "lsr" instead of "lsr a". Entering a blank line quits
62			the assembler and returns to the command mode of SAM.<P>
63
64
65			<PRE>
66			b [start] [end] Binary dump
67			</PRE><P>
68
69			displays the memory from "start" to "end" byte-wise binary. With this
70			command, you can view character sets.<P>
71
72
73			<PRE>
74			c start end dest Compare memory
75			</PRE><P>
76
77			compares the memory in the range from "start" to (and including) "end"
78			with the memory at "dest". The addresses of all different bytes and the
79			total number of differences (decimal) are printed.<P>
80
81
82			<PRE>
83			d [start] [end] Disassemble
84			</PRE><P>
85
86			disassembles the memory from "start" to "end". Undocumented opcodes are
87			markes with a star '*'.<P>
88
89
90			<PRE>
91			e Show interrupt vectors
92			</PRE><P>
93
94			shows the currently active interrupt vectors of the 6510 (C64) or 6502
95			(1541) and (in C64 mode, if the Kernal ROM is mapped in) of the Kernal.<P>
96
97
98			<PRE>
99			f start end byte Fill memory
100			</PRE><P>
101
102			fills the memory in the range from "start" to (and including) "end" with
103			the value "byte".<P>
104
105
106			<PRE>
107			i [start] [end] ASCII/PETSCII dump
108			</PRE><P>
109
110			shows the memory from "start" to "end" as ASCII/PETSCII characters.<P>
111
112
113			<PRE>
114			k [config] Show/set C64 memory configuration
115			</PRE><P>
116
117			"k" without parameters shows the memory configuration that is set for SAM,
118			"k" with parameter modifies it. On exiting SAM, the configuration set with
119			the processor port is reactivated. The memory configuration has no effect
120			in 1541 mode. The 8 possible configurations are:
121
122			<PRE>
123			# $a000-$bfff $d000-$dfff $e000-$ffff
124			----------------------------------------
125			0 RAM RAM RAM
126			1 RAM Char ROM RAM
127			2 RAM Char ROM Kernal ROM
128			3 Basic ROM Char ROM Kernal ROM
129			4 RAM RAM RAM
130			5 RAM I/O RAM
131			6 RAM I/O Kernal ROM
132			7 Basic ROM I/O Kernal ROM
133
134			</PRE>
135
136
137			<PRE>
138			l start "file" Load data
139			</PRE><P>
140
141			loads the contents of the specified file into memory starting from address
142			"start". The file name must be enclosed in quotation marks even if it
143			contains no spaces. This command cannot be used to load C64 programs as
144			it doesn't respect the embedded load address in the programs.<P>
145
146
147			<PRE>
148			m [start] [end] Memory dump
149			</PRE><P>
150
151			displays the memory from "start" to "end" as hexadecimal numbers and ASCII
152			characters.<P>
153
154
155			<PRE>
156			n [start] [end] Screen code dump
157			</PRE><P>
158
159			displays the memory from "start" to "end" as ASCII characters, interpreting
160			each byte as a screen code of the standard character set.<P>
161
162
163			<PRE>
164			o ["file"] Redirect output
165			</PRE><P>
166
167			When a file name is specified, all following output is redirected to this
168			file. The file name must be enclosed in quotation marks even if it contains
169			no spaces. Entering "o" without parameters closes the file and directs the
170			output into the window of SAM again.<P>
171
172
173			<PRE>
174			p [start] [end] Sprite dump
175			</PRE><P>
176
177			displays the memory from "start" to "end" binary with three bytes per line.
178			With this command, you can display sprite data.<P>
179
180
181			<PRE>
182			r [reg value] Show/set CPU registers
183			</PRE><P>
184
185			"r" without parameters shows all 6510 (C64) or 6502 (1541) registers and
186			flags and the instruction at the address specified by the program counter.
187			For the 6510, "DR" and "PR" are the data direction register and data
188			register of the processor port. To modify a register, give its name ("reg")
189			and the new value ("value") as parameters.<P>
190
191
192			<PRE>
193			s start end "file" Save data
194			</PRE><P>
195
196			writes the memory from "start" to (and including) "end" to the specified
197			file. The file name must be enclosed in quotation marks even if it contains
198			no spaces. This command cannot be used to save C64 programs as it doesn't
199			save a load address in the file.<P>
200
201
202			<PRE>
203			t start end dest Transfer memory
204			</PRE><P>
205
206			transfers the memory from "start" to (and including) "end" to "dest".
207			Source and destination may overlap.<P>
208
209
210			<PRE>
211			vc1 View CIA 1 state
212			</PRE><P>
213
214			shows the state of CIA 1 ($dc00).<P>
215
216
217			<PRE>
218			vc2 View CIA 2 state
219			</PRE><P>
220
221			shows the state of CIA 2 ($dd00).<P>
222
223
224			<PRE>
225			vf View floppy state
226			</PRE><P>
227
228			shows the state of the processor-level 1541 emulation.<P>
229
230
231			<PRE>
232			vs View SID state
233			</PRE><P>
234
235			shows the state of the SID.<P>
236
237
238			<PRE>
239			vv View VIC state
240			</PRE><P>
241
242			shows the state of the VIC.<P>
243
244
245			<PRE>
246			x Return to Frodo
247			</PRE><P>
248
249			quits SAM and returns to Frodo.<P>
250
251
252			<PRE>
253			: addr {byte} Modify memory
254			</PRE><P>
255
256			writes the space-separated values "byte" into memory starting at "addr".<P>
257
258
259			<PRE>
260			1541 Switch to 1541 mode
261			</PRE><P>
262
263			switches to 1541 mode. All commands that access memory or the CPU will then
264			operate on the emulated 1541 (processor-level).<P>
265
266
267			<PRE>
268			64 Switch to C64 mode
269			</PRE><P>
270
271			switches to C64 mode. All commands that access memory or the CPU will then
272			operate on the emulated C64.<P>
273
274
275			<PRE>
276			? expression Calculate expression
277			</PRE><P>
278
279			calculates the value of the given expression and displays it in decimal
280			and hexadecimal.<P>
281
282			</BODY>
283			</HTML>